SEX OFFENDERS, SAN FRANCISCO....DATABASE OF....

SexOffender Home Directory User tips Core Values Run a FREE Instant Criminal Records Checks today and uncover the truth! requiredrequired NationwideALAKARAZCACOCTDCDEFLGAHIIAIDILINKSKYLAMAMDMEMIMNMOMSMTNENHNJNMNVNCNDNYOHOKORPARISDSCTNTXUTVAVTWAWIWVWYrequiredrequired Sex Offender Directory > California >San Francisco Sex Offenders Sex Offenders in San Francisco, California San Francisco , officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the leading financial and cultural center of Northern California and the San Francisco Bay Area. The only consolidated city-county in California, San Francisco encompasses a land area of about on the northern end of the San Francisco Peninsula, giving it a density of about 17,620 people per square mile (6,803 people per km2). It is the most densely settled large city (population greater than 200,000) in the state of California and the second-most densely populated major city in the United States after New York City. San Francisco is the fourth most populous city in California, after Los Angeles, San Diego and San Jose, and the 14th most populous city in the United States—with a Census-estimated 2012 population of 825,863. The city is also the financial and cultural hub of the larger San Jose-San Francisco-Oakland metropolitan area, with a population of 8.4 million. San Francisco (Spanish for "Saint Francis") was founded on June 29, 1776, when colonists from Spain established a fort at the Golden Gate and a mission named for St. Francis of Assisi a few miles away. The California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. Due to the growth of its population, San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856. After three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. During World War II, San Francisco was the port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. After the war, the confluence of returning servicemen, massive immigration, liberalizing attitudes, and other factors led to the Summer of Love and the gay rights movement, cementing San Francisco as a center of liberal activism in the United States. Today, San Francisco is ranked 44th of the top tourist destinations in the world, and was the sixth most visited one in the United States in 2011. The city is renowned for its cool summers, fog, steep rolling hills, eclectic mix of architecture, and landmarks including the Golden Gate Bridge, cable cars, the former prison on Alcatraz Island, and its Chinatown district. It is also a primary banking and finance center. Latest News Home User tips Directory Avoid Becoming A Victim Megan's Law Core Values Business Profile Terms of Service Privacy Policy Copyright 2013, SexOffender.com

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 SexOffender Home Directory User tips Core Values Run a FREE Instant Criminal Records Checks today and uncover the truth! requiredrequired NationwideALAKARAZCACOCTDCDEFLGAHIIAIDILINKSKYLAMAMDMEMIMNMOMSMTNENHNJNMNVNCNDNYOHOKORPARISDSCTNTXUTVAVTWAWIWVWYrequiredrequired Help Keep Us Online for the Safety of Our Kids: Please Visit Our Sponsors! Sex Offenders in your area: zip code, , Conduct a Violent Criminal Background Check Can you put a price on your family's safety? Checking for criminal records in someone's past is a quick and easy way to help protect your family and children from violent criminals who may be lurking in your neighborhood, near the playground or even your local schoolyard. New acquaintances, co-workers or a new date could be hiding a criminal past. They may be a convicted sex offender, child molester or even wanted for aggravated assault charges. Has someone taken a special interest in your child? Take the next few seconds of your life to ensure their intentions aren't those of a convicted abductor or child molester. Our comprehensive criminal background check will alert you to the presence of criminal records in their past so that you can determine who is truly safe enough to be trusted. SexOffender.com Public Registry Databases In an effort to continue our goal of raising public awareness about how to reduce the risk of child abduction, molestation and sexual exploitation, we're working to make all available state sex offender databases easily accessible in one location. This registry database provides links to state-specific offender information, providing details that law enforcement, schools and parents find vital in remaining informed about their surroundings. This tool enables you to easily identify convicted sex offenders in your area, equipping you with the information needed to maintain your family's safety.  Home User tips Directory Avoid Becoming A Victim Megan's Law Core Values Business Profile Terms of Service Privacy Policy Copyright 2013, SexOffender.com

SEX OFFENDER DATABASE

Search for Someone Features About Faqs Contact Login First Name First NameLast Name Last NameState Any StateAlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareDistrict Of ColumbiaFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyomingAny State Search Sex Offender Database HomeGlossary Sex Offender Database A sex offender database is a list of personal information about convicted sex offenders, usually made available to the public. Sex offender databases (also known as sex offender registries) can be private databases, but are more often associated with local and federal sex offender registries. Sex offender databases maintained by individual states are usually connected to The National Sex Offender Registry, which is officially known as the Dru Sjodin National Sex Offender Public Database. Sex Offender Registration Sex offender registration is a system that exists in each state, which was designed to track the whereabouts of convicted sex offenders. Sex offender registries maintain a residential record of convicted sex offenders, including individuals who have already completed their criminal sentences. Details of an individual's crime are contained within the registry and are accessible to the general public. In most states, registered sex offenders must adhere to certain restrictions that limit where they are allowed to live and work. Sex offenders who are on parole or probation are often subject to additional limitations which do not pertain to other parolees or individuals on probation. Typically, an individual who is on parole or probation for committing a felony, has certain constitutional liberties withheld from them such as the right to own a firearm, and the right to vote. In addition to the loss of these basic freedoms, a convicted sex offender on parole or probation is restricted from the following activities: being in the presence of persons under the age of 18, and residing within a certain proximity to a school or daycare. History of Sex Offender Databases Jacob Wetterling Act (1994) The U.S. Congress enacted a sex offender registration law in 1994 called the Jacob Wetterling Act. The goals of the Jacob Wetterling Act were to increase public safety, deter sex offenders from committing future crimes, and provide law enforcement with additional investigative powers. A series of state laws followed that required communities to be notified of sex offenders living in their jurisdictions. However, at least 100,000 sex offenders (or about one in five) in the U.S. fail to comply with registration requirements and their location is unknown. There is some indication that sex offenders move to states that have the least restrictive registration and notification laws, in order to live in communities with relative anonymity. Megan's Law (1994) At the federal level, the Jacob Wetterling Act is known as Megan's Law. This federal law requires states to make private and personal information about registered sex offenders available to the public, but allows states the discretion to establish criteria for disclosure, such as which offenders are likely to re-offend and which ones are not. This discretion granted to each state made previous attempts at national standardization of sex offender databases challenging. Adam Walsh Act (2006) The Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act, includes a provision known as the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act, abbreviated as SORNA. This is a federal mandate that requires all states to revise their sex offender registration laws to conform to federal guidelines. State jurisdictions that don't comply SORNA guidelines face a 10% penalty in their Bureau of Justice Assistance grant. The Adam Walsh act categorizes various sex offenses in tiers. Tiers of Sex Offenses Criminal offenses which are considered sex offenses for registration purposes have been broadened under SORNA. Every jurisdiction must decide which tier the infractions of state regulations fit under, and then enact laws that tier each criminal offense accordingly. Violations of state law are tiered in accordance with the federal offenses they are equivalent to. Tier III Offenses require lifetime registration and quarterly verification, and involve: •sexual acts involving force or carried out under threat 18 U.S.C. 2241(a) •sexual acts with one whom the actor causes unconscious, or impairs by drugging or intoxication 18 U.S.C. 2241(b) •sexual acts with a child under the age of 12 18 U.S.C. 2241(c) •sexual acts with one who is mentally incapable of appraising, or physically incapable of declining, or communicates unwillingness of the sex act 18 U.S.C. 2242 •sexual contact with a child under the age of 12 18 U.S.C. 2244(c) •non-parental kidnapping or false imprisonment of minors •any attempt or conspiracy to commit of any of the above •any new offense committed by a Tier II offender. Tier II Offenses require registration for 25 years and semiannual verification. It generally consists of non-violent sex offenses, involving minors: •sex trafficking of minors 18 U.S.C. 1591 •transportation of minors with intent to engage in criminal sexual activity 18 U.S.C. 2423 •coercion and enticement (Mann Act) 18 U.S.C. 2422(b) •sexual acts with minors age 12-15 18 U.S.C. 2243(a) •sexual contact with minors age 12-15 18 U.S.C. 2244 •sexual offenses involving those in custody, and the actor has custodial, supervisory, or disciplinary authority 18 U.S.C. 2243(b) •offenses where minors are used in prostitution •offenses where minors are used in sexual performance •offenses involving the production or distribution of child pornography •any attempt or conspiracy to commit of any of the above •any new offense committed by a Tier I offender Tier I Offenses require registration for 15 years and annual verification. This tier is for sex offenses that do not fall into the higher tiers, and includes both felonies and misdemeanors. States can include any conduct that by nature is a sex offense, although Tier I is generally reserved for nonviolent offenses where the victim has reached the age of consent: •sexual contact without permission 18 U.S.C. 2244(b) •offenses involving simple possession of child pornography •offenses involving public indecency (some states limit this to where the victim is a minor) •offenses involving voyeurism 18 U.S.C. 1801 •Sex offender registration continues to be applied to offenses in addition to rape, child molestation, and child pornography crimes. Sex Offender Public Notice The databases of sex offenders are accessible to the public. Methods of disclosure include community notifications, government websites, or privately maintained third party websites. In America, sex offenders are often categorized into three groups: Level I offenders, who are at low risk to reoffend; Level II offenders, who are at moderate risk to reoffend; and Level III offenders, who are at high risk to reoffend. Additional Restrictions Beyond Public Notice Sex offenders who have finished probation or parole can also be governed by constraints far beyond those placed on traditional felons. In many states, sex offenders can not reside within a particular distance of locations where children or families assemble. These places usually include schools, churches, and parks. At times these restrictions also include public venues (stadiums), airports, apartments, malls, stores, shopping centers, and certain neighborhoods (unless for essential business). Some states even restrict the activities of registered sex offenders on Halloween, requiring them to avoid Halloween-related contact with minors and stay at their registered home address from 5PM to 10:30PM, unless they are required to work that evening. Regardless of whether they are at work, offenders must extinguish all outside residential lighting and post a sign stating, "No candy or treats at this residence." Get Started Now: Search for Someone You Know... First Name First NameLast Name Last NameState Any StateAlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareDistrict Of ColumbiaFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyomingAny StateSearch Quick Links Features Contact Privacy Policy Terms of Use FAQs Instant Checkmate Press Glossary Remove My Info Arrest Records About Sample Report Limited License for Services DMCA Instant Checkmate Blog People Directory Criminal Records Database Sex Offender Database Criminal Background Checks Socialize With Us Instant Checkmate on Twitter Instant Checkmate's Facebook Page Instant Checkmate's Google+ Page Instant Checkmate's LinkedIn Page Instant Checkmate on CrunchBase Instant Checkmate's Pins Instant Checkmate on YouTube Instant Checkmate's RSS Feed Instant Checkmate on MySpace Get In Touch Questions and Member Care 866.490.5980 Regular Hours: 24hrs (Weekdays) 5am - 10pm PST (Weekends) Holiday Hours: 5am - 5pm PST DISCLAIMER: It is PROHIBITED by law to use our service or the information it provides to make decisions about consumer credit, employment, insurance, tenant screening, or for any other purpose subject to the Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 USC 1681 et seq. 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The Fray - How to save a life (lyrics)

http://www.youtube.com/v/DF0zefuJ4Ys?autohide=1&version=3&attribution_tag=ONQcc1nMjo2XJKYUNiAvpA&feature=share&autoplay=1&autohide=1&showinfo=1

The Fray - How to save a life (lyrics)



Step one, you say we need to talk
He walks you say sit down it's just a talk
He smiles politely back at you
You stare politely right on through
Some sort of window to your right
As he goes left and you stay right
Between the lines of fear and blame
You begin to wonder why you came

CHORUS:
Where did I go wrong, I lost a friend
Somewhere along in the bitterness
And I would have stayed up with you all night
Had I known how to save a life

Let him know that you know best
'Cause after all you do know best
Try to slip past his defense
Without granting innocence
Lay down a list of what is wrong
The things you've told him all along
And pray to God he hears you
And I pray to God he hears you

CHORUS


As he begins to raise his voice
You lower yours and grant him one last choice
Drive until you lose the road
Or break with the ones you've followed
He will do one of two things
He will admit to everything
Or he'll say he's just not the same
And you'll begin to wonder why you came

CHORUS (x2)

How to save a life
How to save a life

CHORUS (x2)

How to save a life
How to save a life

What is child abuse? ________________________ Child Abuse Prevalence ________________________ Myths about child abuse ________________________ Types of child abuse ________________________ Resilience ________________________ Complex Trauma ________________________ Pathways through which adult health can be compromised ________________________ Abuse-related conditions ________________________ Life problems and abuse ________________________ Impact of child abuse ________________________ Impact on the physiology of the brain ________________________ Recovered Memories & Traumatic amnesia ________________________ Preventing child abuse ________________________ Program schedule ________________________ ASCA Publications ________________________ ASCA Podcasts ________________________ Links ________________________ Bibliography ________________________ Did you know? Nearly one-half of eating disordered patients in an Australian clinic reported a history of child sexual abuse and one-quarter reported child physical abuse.* In Australia, young people who have experienced child sexual abuse have a suicide rate that was 10.7 to 13.0 times the national Australian rates.* Sexually abused men are highly over-represented within prison populations. * Men subject to high rates of physical punishment in childhood are far more likely to commit a violent offence in adulthood. * A study of 155 Australian teenagers who were homeless, or at risk of homelessness, found that over half reported experiencing physical abuse, a third reported sexual abuse, and three quarters reported alcohol and/or drug abuse in their family.* Research suggests that one in three Australian children subject to a substantiated notification of sexual abuse will be subject to subsequent substantiated notifications of abuse, neglect, or harmful behaviour.* In an Australian study, one in six children found to have been sexually abused by social services were subject to a subsequent sexual abuse notification.* In 2001, the Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Well-being found that that 1.33% of the Australian population suffered from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, with rape and sexual abuse the most common cause.* types of child abuse Child abuse and neglect occurs in a range of situations, for a range of reasons. In this section, we outline the different forms of child abuse most commonly identified by research, and some of the consequences of this abuse for victimised children and adults. In abusive homes, children are rarely subject to one form of abuse. They often endure multiple forms of abuse at once. The most severe effects of child abuse often do not become apparent until the abused child grows to adulthood, at which point the adult may experience a range of psychological, emotional and social problems related to childhood abuse. Read more about: Emotional abuse Neglect Physical abuse Family violence Sexual abuse Organised sexual abuse Emotional abuse Emotional abuse refers to the psychological and social aspects of child abuse, and it is one of the main causes of harm to abused children. Many parents are emotionally abusive without being violent or sexually abusive, However, emotional abuse invariably accompanies physical and sexual abuse. Emotionally abusive parents practice forms of child-rearing that are orientated towards fulfilling their own needs and goals, rather than those of their children. Their parenting style may be characterised by overt aggression towards their children, including shouting and intimidation, or they may manipulate their children using more subtle means, such as emotional blackmail. Parents may also emotionally abuse their children by "mis-socialising" them, which means that they may encourage their children to act in inappropriate or criminal ways with direct encouragement and/or by surrounding the child with adults for whom such behaviour is normative. Emotional abuse does not only occur in the home. Children can be emotionally abused by teachers and other adults in a position of power over the child. Children can also experience emotional abuse by other children, and one of the most common experiences of child-to-child emotional abuse is trivialised in Australia under the rubric of "bullying". Chronic emotional abuse in schools is a serious cause of harm to victimised children; however, it is only recently that such abuse has been taken seriously within the Australian school system. Over the last five years, a number of former students have bought successful law suits against Australian schools who failed to protect them against victimisation by other children. How many children are emotionally abused or neglected? One American survey found that a quarter of the sample of undergraduate students reported some form of emotional abuse by their parents. Another quarter reported other forms of emotional abuse outside the home, such as bullying (Doyle 1997). Who is most likely to be emotionally abused?Boys and girls are equally likely to be victims of emotional abuse by their parents, and emotional maltreatment has been reported to peak in the 6- to 8- year old range and to remain at a similar level throughout adolescence (Kaplan and Labruna 1998). What are the characteristics of emotionally abusive parents?Research findings suggest that emotionally abusive parents have negative attitudes towards children, perceive parents as unrewarding and difficult to enjoy, and that they associate their own negative feelings with the child's difficult behaviour, particularly when the child reacts against their poor parenting methods. *Emotional abuse has increasingly been linked to parental mental health problems, domestic violence, drug and alcohol misuse, being abused or having been in care as children (Iwaneic and Herbert 1999). Signs in childhood From infancy to adulthood, emotionally abused people are often more withdrawn and emotionally disengaged than their peers, and find it difficult to predict other people's behaviour, understand why they behave in the manner that they do, and respond appropriately. Emotionally abused children exhibit a range of specific signs. They often: feel unhappy, frightened and distressed behave aggressively and anti-socially, or they may act too mature for their age experience difficulties with academic achievement and school attendance find it difficult to make friends show signs of physical neglect and malnourishment experience incontinence and mysterious pains. Signs in adulthood Adults emotionally abused as children are more likely to experience mental health problems and difficulties in personal relationships. Many of the harms of physical and sexual abuse are related to the emotional abuse that accompanies them, and as a result many emotionally abused adults exhibit a range of complex psychological and psychosocial problems associated with multiple forms of trauma in childhood (Glaser 2002). Significant early relationships in childhood shape our response to new social situations in adulthood. Adults with emotionally abusive parents are at a disadvantage as they try to form personal, professional and romantic relationships, since they may easily misinterpret other people's behaviours and social cues, or misapply the rules that governed their abusive relationship with their parent to everyday social situations (Berenson and Anderson 2006). Neglect Complaints of neglect constitute a significant proportion of notifications and referrals to child protection services, However, there is no single definition of child neglect in Australia. It is generally understood that "neglect" refers to a range of circumstances in which a parent or caregiver fails to adequately provide for a child's needs: through the provision of food, shelter and clothing by ensuring their access to medical care when necessary by providing them with care, love and support by exercising adequate supervision and control of the child by showing appropriate moral and legal guidance by ensuring that the child regularly attends school One of the contentious aspects of "neglect", as a category of child abuse, is that it is closely related to socioeconomic status. Many parents lack the money and support to meet the standards outlined above. Parents in financial need are also more likely to be in contact with welfare services, which in turn are more likely to scrutinise their parenting practices, and therefore more likely to make a report of abuse or neglect. As a result of these factors, poor communities and poor families have often been stigmatised as epicentres of child abuse and neglect. In fact, when adults in the community are asked to make retrospective reports, emotional abuse and neglect occurs in all families, rich or poor. Physical abuse Physical abuse has been a normal aspect of domestic life in Australia for a long time. Physical assaults that would be serious criminal offenses if committed by one man against another - for instance, hitting, slapping, or striking with an object - have been legally and socially sanctioned when committed by a man against his wife and child, or by parents against their children. Today, incidents of domestic violence committed against both women and children remain at epidemic proportions, although there is increasing recognition within the Australian community of the prevalence and harms of violence against women and children. Whilst community attitudes to violence against women and children have changed for the better, Australian policy-makers have failed to outlaw physical assaults against children by caregivers. According to the 2007 report of the Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children, Australia is one of a number of countries that has failed to prohibit violence against children, and has failed to commit to legislative reform. In particular, the legal defences of "reasonable correction" and "reasonable chastisement" are still available to adults who are charged with violent offenses against children in many jurisdictions. How many children are physically abused?A large sample of American families found that 2.4% of children had been kicked, bitten, punched, beaten up, burned, scalded, or threatened or attacked with a knife or a gun by their parents. An additional 8.5% had been hit with an object by their parents (Straus and Gelles 1990). What are the characteristics of parents who physically abuse children? Characteristics of physical child abusers include emotional impairment, substance abuse, lack of social support, presence of domestic violence and a history of childhood abuse (English, Marshall et al. 1999). What are the characteristics of physically abused children?Boys and girls are equally likely to be physically assaulted by their parents, and whilst research suggests that physical abuse peaks when children are aged 4- to 8-years old, physical assault resulting in death occurs most often to infants and toddlers (Kaplan and Labruna 1998). Signs in childhood Physically abused children find it difficult relating to their peers and the adults around them. The constant threat of violence at home makes them perpetually vigilant and mistrustful, and they may be overly domineering and aggressive in their attempts to predict and control other people's behaviour. They are also vulnerable to "emotional storms", or instances of overwhelming emotional responses to everyday situations (Berenson and Anderson 2006). These "storms" can take the form of profound grief, fear, or rage. Physically abused children may also have problems with: academic achievement physical development and coordination developing friendships and relationships aggression and anger management depression, anxiety and low self-esteem. Signs in adulthood Adults physically abused in childhood are at increased risk of either aggressive and violent behaviour, or shy and avoidant behaviour leading to rejection or re-victimisation. This polarised behaviour is often driven by hyper-vigilance and the anticipation of threat and violence even in everyday situations. Men with a history of physical abuse in childhood are particularly prone to violent behaviour, and physically abused men are over-represented amongst violent and sexual offenders (Malinosky-Rummell and Hansen 1993). Family violence Family violence, or domestic violence, usually refers to the physical assault of children and women by male relatives, usually a father and husband/partner. In these situations, a man uses violence to control his partner and children, often in the belief that violence is a male perogative ("I'm a guy, I can't control myself"), or that his victims are responsible for his behaviour ("You bought it on yourself"). Whilst women may also be perpetrators of family violence, they are usually "fighting back" against a physically abusive partner, and it is unusual for violent women to inflict the same scale of harm as violent men. How many children witness domestic violence?The only Australian population-based survey on domestic violence found that 2.6% of women who currently had partners had experienced an incident of violence in the previous 12 months, and 8.0% had experienced violence at some stage in their relationship.*From these figures, we can surmise that a significant minority of Australian children witness family violence. Who commits domestic violence? Research overwhelmingly suggests that family violence is enacted by men against women and children.* Whilst women can and do commit violent offences within families, rates of female-initiated violence are much lower than male violence, and it is rarely as severe and brutal. Signs in childhood A child witnessing family violence, and domestic violence, is at risk of: Behavioural and emotional difficulties Learning difficulties Long-term developmental problems Aggressive language and behaviour Restlessness, anxiety and depression* Signs in adulthood Adults exposed to domestic violence as children can carry with them a legacy of trauma-related symptoms and developmental delays. Women who grew up in an environment of family violence are more likely to be victimised in adulthood, whilst men who grew up in a violent environment are more likely to commit violent offences in adulthood (Edleson 1999). Sexual abuse Sexual abuse describes any incident in an adult engages a minor in a sexual act, or exposes the minor to inappropriate sexual behaviour or material. Sexual abuse also describes any incident in which a child is coerced into sexual activity by another child. A person may sexually abuse a child using threats and physical force, but sexual abuse often involves subtle forms of manipulation, in which the child is coerced into believing that the activity is an expression of love, or that they child bought the abuse upon themself. Sexual abuse involves contact and non-contact offences. How many children are sexually abused? Approximately one third of women surveyed in Australia have reported sexual abuse in childhood (Flemming 1997; Glaser 1997; Mazza, Dennerstein et al. 2001). Approximately 10% of Australian men report sexual abuse in childhood (Goldman and Goldman 1988). Who is most likely to be sexually abused? Whilst all children are vulnerable to sexual abuse, girls are more likely to be sexually abused than boys. Disabled children are up to seven times more likely to be abused than their non-disabled peers (Briggs 2006). How often is sexual abuse reported to the authorities? In one study of Australian women, only 10% of child sexual abuse experiences were ever reported to the police, a doctor, or a health agency (Flemming 1997). Who sexually abuses children? Across all community-based studies, most abusers are male and related to the child (Flemming 1997). Most adults who sexually abuse children are not mentally ill and do not meet the diagnostic criteria for "paedophilia". Signs in childhood Sexually abused children exhibit a range of behaviours, including: Withdrawn, unhappy and suicidal behaviour Self-harm and suicidality Aggressive and violent behaviour Bedwetting, sleep problems, nightmares Eating problems e.g. anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa Mood swings Detachment Pains for no medical reason Sexual behaviour, language, or knowledge too advanced for their age Signs in adulthood Adults sexually abused as children have poorer mental health than other adults. They are more likely to have a history of eating disorders, depression, substance abuse, and suicide attempts. Sexual abuse is also associated with financial problems in adulthood, and a decreased likelihood to graduate from high school or undertake further education (Silverman, Reinherz et al. 1996). Organised sexual abuse Organised sexual abuse refers to the range of circumstances in which multiple children are subject to sexual abuse by multiple perpetrators. In these circumstances, children are subject to a range of serious harms that can include child prostitution, the manufacture of child pornography, and bizarre and sadistic sexual practices, including ritualistic abuse and torture. What are the circumstances in which children are subject to organised sexual abuse? Many children subject to organised abuse are raised in abusive families, and their parents make them available for abuse outside the home. This abuse may include extended family members, family "friends", or people who pay to abuse the child (Cleaver and Freeman 1996). Other children are trafficked into organised abuse by perpetrators in schools, churches, state or religious institutions, or whilst homeless or without stable housing. Who is most likely to be sexually abused in organised contexts? Children who are vulnerable to organised abuse include the children of parents involved in organised abuse, and children from unstable or unhappy family backgrounds who may be targeted by abusers outside the family. Who sexually abuses children in organised contexts? Organised abuse, like all forms of child abuse, is primarily committed by parents and relatives. Organised abuse differs from other forms of sexual abuse in that women are often reported as perpetrators. Research with female sexual abusers has found that they have often grown up in environments, such as organised abuse, where sexual abuse is normative, and, as adults, they may sexually abuse in organised contexts alongside male offenders (Faller 1995). Signs in childhood Young children subject to organised sexual abuse often have severe traumatic and dissociative symptoms that inhibit disclosure or help-seeking behaviour. They are often very withdrawn children with strong suicidal ideation. They may exhibit disturbed behaviours while at play or when socialising with their peers or other adults. Signs in adulthood Organised abuse, and ritual abuse, is a key predisposing factor the development of Dissociative Identity Disorder and other dissociative spectrum disorders. Adults with histories of organised abuse frequently have long histories of suicide attempts and self-harm, and they often live with a heavy burden of mental and physical illnesses.

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Child Abuse & Incest

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What are Child Abuse & Incest?

Child abuse (also called child maltreatment) is any physical, sexual, emotional, psychological or other act involving a child with intent to harm the child. Child abuse can take the form of physical abuse, emotional or mental abuse, sexual assault, or neglect.

Definitions of Child Abuse & Incest

from Child Welfare Information Gateway) Physical abuse: Any non-accidental physical injury to a child that can include striking, kicking, burning, or biting, or other actions that result in physical harm to a child.
Sexual abuse or exploitation: Any sexual act performed with a child by an adult or older child, with or without force or the threat of force. Child sexual abuse can include touching or non-touching, verbal seduction or abuse, anal or vaginal intercourse, oral sex, manual stimulation, direct or implied threats. Exploitation includes engaging children in prostitution or the production of child pornography.
Incest: Sexual contact or acts between people who are related genetically, by marriage, by living arrangements, or in whom a child perceives a trusting relationship (e.g. parents, grandparents, siblings, aunts, uncles, cousins, step-parents, or foster parents).
Emotional abuse: Behavior intent on harming the psychological or emotional capacity of a child. Examples include withholding affection, threatening a child, or rejection.
Neglect: Failure to meet a child's basic needs, such housing, food, clothing, education, and medical care to a degree that threatens the child's health, safety, and well-being. Child neglect may or may not involve physical, sexual, or emotional abuse.

Child Abuse & Incest: Recognize the Signs

In 2008, Safe Horizon conducted a Bystander and Child Abuse Survey that revealed that many individuals lack knowledge about the warning signs of child abuse and are uncertain about how to report it.
Becoming more aware of child abuse can help save more young lives. To find out if a child you know may be a victim of abuse, ask yourself the following:

• Does the child have unexplained injuries or when asked to give an explanation, does the explanation seem unconvincing?
• Has the child's behavior changed in a negative way (more fearful, depressed, anxious)?
• Is the child reverting to behaviors they had when they were younger (thumb-sucking, bed-wetting, fear of the dark)?
• Does the child appear to be uncared for (dirty or have body odor; lack appropriate clothing for the weather)?

These are just a few signs. See our 10 Signs of Child Abuse page to learn more.
Do you know a child who is being abused? Go to our Get Help for Child Abuse page for services.

Child Abuse & Incest: Statistics and Facts

• Four children die every day in the United States as a result of child abuse and neglect.
• Nearly 80% of children who die because of abuse and neglect are younger than five years old.
• Most child victims of abuse or neglect suffer at the hands of someone they know.

Child abuse and neglect can create a lifetime of harmful effects on its victims. Studies show that child abuse and neglect can negatively impact children's ability to perform well in school, to develop healthy relationships with others, and create social issues with consequences that impact an entire community.
Get more Child Abuse Statistics and Facts here.

What We Do: Safe Horizon's Child Advocacy Centers

Safe Horizon's four Child Advocacy Centers provide assistance to physically and sexually abused children in more than 4,000 cases every year. At our centers, teams of child protection specialists, police detectives, pediatricians, prosecutors, victims advocates, and mental health professionals work together in a single, child-friendly location to collect evidence, investigate abuse, and provide direct services to young victims and their caregivers.
Learn about our Child Advocacy Centers.

Child Advocacy Resource and Consultation Center

The New York State Child Advocacy Resource and Consultation Center (NYS CARCC) promotes the multidisciplinary response to child abuse throughout New York State by working with law enforcement and child protective professionals to assess and enhance their response to child abuse cases. They offer technical assistance, training, information on funding resources, child fatality review teams, staff development, child abuse statistics and more.
Find out more at http://www.nyscarcc.org/.

Child Abuse & Incest: What You Can Do

Give the gift of healing to children through our Child Advocacy Centers.
Visit our Additional Resources page for more information about child abuse and neglect.
For more information, please see our Child Abuse page.
* Images used are representations of Safe Horizon's clients.

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